Verb Tenses

Present and past simple & continuous

はじめに

動詞の時制を理解することは、英語文法の基礎中の基礎です。まずは4つの必須時制をマスターしましょう：現在形（Present Simple）、現在進行形（Present Continuous）、過去形（Past Simple）、そして過去進行形（Past Continuous）。

日本語では動詞の語尾を変えるだけで済むことも多いですが、英語は時制ごとに動詞の形がかなり変わります。この4つの時制で、習慣、今している行動、終わった出来事、背景的な動作を表現できます。日常のコミュニケーションの骨格をなす、話し言葉でも書き言葉でも常に使われる最重要パターンです。

まずこの4つを完璧にすれば、後から学ぶより複雑な時制もスムーズに理解できるようになりますよ。

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この章の英文法一覧（28）

• Present Simple Describes habits, routines, facts, and general truths
• Present Continuous Describes actions happening now or temporary situations
• Past Simple Describes completed actions in the past
• Past Continuous Describes ongoing actions at a specific time in the past
• Third Person -s/-es Adding -s or -es to verbs for he/she/it in present simple
• State Verbs Verbs that describe states and are not usually used in continuous tenses
• Time Expressions (Present) Words that signal present simple or continuous
• Time Expressions (Past) Words that signal past simple
• Common Irregular Verbs Frequently used verbs with irregular past forms
• The Verb 'be' The most irregular and important verb in English
• Frequency Adverbs Words that show how often something happens
• Time Expressions (Present) Words and phrases that indicate when in the present
• Time Expressions (Past) Words and phrases that indicate past time
• going to + verb Expressing future intentions or predictions based on evidence
• will + verb Expressing spontaneous decisions, offers, and predictions
• State Verbs (Non-Action) Verbs that describe states rather than actions
• Present Simple for Schedules Using present simple for timetables and fixed events
• have got Expressing possession (British English preference)
• Contractions with 'be' Shortened forms of 'be' verbs
• Contractions with 'will' and 'would' Shortened forms: 'll and 'd
• ago Time before now (with past simple)
• last / next / this (Time) Referring to specific time periods
• make vs do Choosing between make and do
• like vs would like General preference vs specific desire
• going to (plans and predictions) Expressing future plans and predictions
• always, usually, often, sometimes, never Adverbs showing how often
• ever and never At any time / at no time
• already, yet, still Time expressions about expected events