Crime & Law

Legal collocations for crime, justice, and the law

はじめに

法律や犯罪の語彙には決まったコロケーションが多くあります。「commit a crime（犯罪を犯す）」であって「do a crime」じゃない、日常会話では「break the law（法を破る）」であって「violate the law」じゃない。こうした組み合わせは、ニュースや法律の議論を理解するのに重要です。

この章では、日常的な場面から法廷用語まで、犯罪・法律のコロケーションを学びます。

テーマ

この章のコロケーション一覧（28）

• commit a crime To carry out an illegal act
• break the law To do something that is against the law
• serve a sentence To spend time in prison as punishment for a crime
• face charges To be formally accused of a crime and have to go to court
• plead guilty To formally state in court that you are guilty of a crime
• plead not guilty To formally state in court that you are not guilty of a crime
• press charges To formally accuse someone of a crime through the legal system
• drop charges To decide not to continue with a criminal case against someone
• under arrest In the state of being legally detained by the police
• bail out To pay money to secure someone's release from custody before their trial
• criminal record An official history of a person's past crimes
• forensic evidence Scientific evidence collected and analysed for use in criminal investigations
• eye witness A person who has seen a crime or event and can describe what happened
• crime scene The location where a crime took place
• petty crime A minor or less serious criminal offence such as shoplifting or vandalism
• organised crime Criminal activities planned and carried out by powerful groups or networks
• white-collar crime Non-violent crime committed by business or professional people, such as fraud...
• identity theft The crime of stealing someone's personal information and using it fraudulently
• life sentence A punishment of imprisonment for the rest of a person's life or a very long p...
• community service Unpaid work done as a punishment for a crime, benefiting the local community
• suspended sentence A prison sentence that is not served unless the offender commits another crim...
• court order An official instruction issued by a judge or court requiring someone to do or...
• legal aid Free or subsidised legal advice and representation for people who cannot affo...
• human rights The basic rights and freedoms to which all people are entitled
• civil liberties The individual rights and freedoms protected by law from government interference
• law and order The condition of a society in which laws are obeyed and people behave peacefully
• beyond reasonable doubt The standard of proof required to convict someone in a criminal trial
• miscarriage of justice A situation where an innocent person is wrongly convicted or a guilty person ...