until / till
Grammar Pattern
BritishAmericanAustralian
★★★★★ Very Common
Neutral
Meaning: Up to a certain time
直到某个时间
Hasta cierto momento
ある時点まで
특정 시점까지
'Until' and 'till' mean up to the point when: 'Wait until I call.' For future, use present tense in the until-clause. 'Not...until' emphasizes when something finally happens.
'Until'和'till'意思是直到某个时间点:'Wait until I call.'对于将来的事,until从句用现在时。'Not...until'强调某事最终发生的时间。
'Until' y 'till' significan hasta el punto cuando: 'Wait until I call.' Para el futuro, usa presente en la cláusula until. 'Not...until' enfatiza cuándo algo finalmente sucede.
「Until」と「till」は~するまでという意味です:「Wait until I call.」未来のことでは、until節で現在形を使います。「Not...until」は何かが最終的に起こる時を強調します。
'until'과 'till'은 어떤 시점까지를 의미합니다: 'Wait until I call.' 미래에 대해서는 until절에 현재 시제를 사용합니다. 'Not...until'은 무언가가 마침내 일어나는 시점을 강조합니다.
Examples
- Wait here until I get back. 在这里等我回来。Espera aquí hasta que vuelva.私が戻るまでここで待っていて。제가 돌아올 때까지 여기서 기다리세요.
- The shop stays open till midnight. 这家店营业到午夜。La tienda está abierta hasta medianoche.その店は真夜中まで開いています。그 가게는 자정까지 영업합니다.
- I didn't know until you told me. 直到你告诉我,我才知道。No lo supe hasta que me lo dijiste.あなたが教えてくれるまで知りませんでした。당신이 말해줄 때까지 몰랐습니다.
- Until recently, I lived in London. 直到最近,我一直住在伦敦。Hasta hace poco, vivía en Londres.最近まで、ロンドンに住んでいました。최근까지 런던에 살았습니다.
Pronunciation
Usage Guide
Context: spoken, written, everyday
Tone: temporal
✓ Do Say
- Stay until I come back.等我回来再走。Quédate hasta que vuelva.戻るまで待っていて。제가 돌아올 때까지 기다려요.
- I won't leave until you arrive.你到了我才走。No me iré hasta que llegues.あなたが来るまで帰りません。당신이 올 때까지 떠나지 않을 거예요.
- Keep trying until you succeed.继续尝试直到成功。Sigue intentando hasta que tengas éxito.成功するまで頑張り続けて。성공할 때까지 계속 시도하세요.
- Until you come...直到你来……Hasta que vengas...あなたが来るまで…당신이 올 때까지…
- Until when do you...直到什么时候你……¿Hasta cuándo tú...いつまで…언제까지…
✗ Don't Say
- Until you will come... (present for future)Until you will come...(将来用现在时)Until you will come... (usar presente para el futuro)Until you will come...(未来は現在形)Until you will come… (미래를 나타낼 때 현재 시제를 사용)
- Till when do you... (just 'until when')Till when do you...(直接用'until when')Till when do you... (simplemente 'until when')Till when do you...(単に「until when」)Till when do you… ('until when'만 사용)
Origin & History
Temporal limit conjunction
Cultural Context
Era: Modern
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
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so that / in order to
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so that
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to + verb vs for + noun/-ing
★★★★★
Expressing purpose with different structures
although / despite / in spite of
★★★★☆
Expressing contrast and unexpected outcomes
however / nevertheless / nonetheless
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Formal connectors showing contrast between sentences
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