How do you use "by" in a sentence?

This painting was created by a local artist. Please sit by me. The report must be finished by tomorrow.

by

Vocabulary Word BritishAmerican ★★★★★ Very Common Neutral

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Significado: Indicating the agent performing an action; near or beside; not later than

被，由，在...旁边，不迟于

por, junto a, para

〜によって、〜のそばに、〜までに

~에 의해, ~곁에, ~까지

The preposition 'by' has several uses: indicating the doer of an action in passive sentences ('written by Shakespeare'), proximity ('by the window'), a deadline ('by Friday'), or means of transport ('by train'). It also appears in expressions of measurement and in many phrasal verbs.

「by」有多种用途：在被动句中表示动作的执行者（「written by Shakespeare」）、表示接近（「by the window」）、表示截止时间（「by Friday」）或交通方式（「by train」）。它也出现在表示测量的表达中和许多短语动词中。

La preposición «by» tiene varios usos: indicar el agente de una acción en oraciones pasivas («written by Shakespeare»), proximidad («by the window»), una fecha límite («by Friday»), o medio de transporte («by train»). También aparece en expresiones de medida y en muchos verbos frasales.

「by」にはいくつかの用途があります：受動文での動作主（「written by Shakespeare」）、近接（「by the window」）、期限（「by Friday」）、または交通手段（「by train」）を示します。測定の表現や多くの句動詞にも現れます。

전치사 'by'는 여러 용법이 있습니다: 수동태에서 행위자('written by Shakespeare'), 근접('by the window'), 기한('by Friday'), 교통수단('by train')을 나타냅니다. 측정 표현이나 많은 구동사에도 사용됩니다.

Ejemplos

This painting was created by a local artist.
这幅画是由一位当地艺术家创作的。
Esta pintura fue creada por un artista local.
この絵は地元のアーティストによって制作されました。
이 그림은 지역 화가에 의해 제작되었습니다.
Please sit by me.
请坐在我旁边。
Por favor, siéntate a mi lado.
私のそばに座ってください。
제 옆에 앉아 주세요.
The report must be finished by tomorrow.
报告必须在明天之前完成。
El informe debe estar terminado para mañana.
レポートは明日までに仕上げなければなりません。
보고서는 내일까지 완성해야 합니다.

Pronunciación

Guía de uso

Contexto: general

Tono: neutral

Origen e historia

From Old English 'bī', meaning 'near' or 'beside', from Proto-Germanic *bi. Its original spatial meaning expanded to include agency (done by someone) and means (by train) during Middle English.

Contexto cultural

Era: Modern

Generation: All ages

Social background: Universal

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