quarks
Significado: Elementary particles that combine to form composite particles called hadrons, the most stable of which are protons and neutrons. Quarks come in six types, or 'flavours': up, down, charm, strange, top, and bottom.
Quarks are fundamental building blocks of matter and a cornerstone of the Standard Model of particle physics. They are never found in isolation due to a phenomenon called confinement — they always exist in groups, bound together by the strong nuclear force mediated by gluons. The term has become familiar to non-specialists through popular science books and media coverage of CERN. The whimsical naming convention (charm, strange, beauty/bottom, truth/top) reflects the playful culture of theoretical physics.
Ejemplos
- Protons are composed of two up quarks and one down quark, held together by the strong nuclear force. 质子由两个上夸克和一个下夸克组成,由强核力结合在一起。Los protones están compuestos por dos quarks up y un quark down, unidos por la fuerza nuclear fuerte.陽子は2個のアップクォークと1個のダウンクォークで構成され、強い核力によって結合している。양성자는 2개의 업 쿼크와 1개의 다운 쿼크로 구성되며, 강한 핵력에 의해 결합되어 있다.
- The existence of the top quark was confirmed experimentally at Fermilab in 1995, completing the six-flavour model. 顶夸克的存在于1995年在费米实验室得到了实验证实,从而完成了六味模型。La existencia del quark top se confirmó experimentalmente en el Fermilab en 1995, completando el modelo de seis sabores.トップクォークの存在は1995年にフェルミ国立加速器研究所で実験的に確認され、6つのフレーバーモデルが完成した。톱 쿼크의 존재는 1995년 페르미 국립 가속기 연구소에서 실험적으로 확인되어, 6가지 플레이버 모델이 완성되었다.
- Understanding how quarks interact through the exchange of gluons is central to the field of quantum chromodynamics. 理解夸克如何通过交换胶子而相互作用,是量子色动力学领域的核心问题。Comprender cómo interactúan los quarks mediante el intercambio de gluones es fundamental en el campo de la cromodinámica cuántica.グルーオンの交換を通じてクォークがどのように相互作用するかを理解することは、量子色力学の中心的な課題である。글루온 교환을 통해 쿼크가 어떻게 상호작용하는지를 이해하는 것은 양자색역학의 핵심 과제이다.
Pronunciación
Guía de uso
Contexto: scientific, academic
Tono: neutral
Origen e historia
Coined by the physicist Murray Gell-Mann in 1964, who took the word from James Joyce's Finnegans Wake — 'Three quarks for Muster Mark!' The spelling was adapted to fit the novel's line.
Contexto cultural
Era: Modern
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
Más de este tema
More from General Advanced
Tarjetas, cuestionarios, audio y repetición espaciada — todo gratis