proteolysis
Significado: The hydrolysis of proteins into smaller polypeptides or amino acids by enzymes known as proteases.
Proteolysis is essential to digestion, cellular regulation, and immune function. In the digestive system, proteolytic enzymes such as pepsin and trypsin break down dietary proteins into absorbable amino acids. Within cells, controlled proteolysis regulates protein turnover and removes damaged or misfolded proteins. 'Proteolytic enzyme,' 'proteolytic activity,' 'proteolysis of casein,' and 'intracellular proteolysis' are standard collocations. In food science, proteolysis contributes to the flavour development and texture of aged cheeses.
Ejemplos
- Proteolysis in the stomach begins when pepsin cleaves dietary proteins into shorter peptide chains. 胃中的蛋白质水解始于胃蛋白酶将膳食蛋白质切割为较短的肽链。La proteólisis estomacal comienza cuando la pepsina escinde las proteínas alimentarias en cadenas peptídicas más cortas.胃におけるタンパク質分解は、ペプシンが食事タンパク質をより短いペプチド鎖に切断することから始まる。위에서의 단백질 분해는 펩신이 식이 단백질을 더 짧은 펩타이드 사슬로 절단하면서 시작된다.
- The distinctive flavour of mature Cheddar develops through extensive proteolysis during the ageing process. 成熟切达干酪的独特风味是通过陈化过程中广泛的蛋白质水解而形成的。El sabor característico del cheddar curado se desarrolla mediante una proteólisis extensa durante el proceso de maduración.熟成チェダーチーズの独特の風味は、熟成過程における広範なタンパク質分解によって生まれる。숙성 체다 치즈의 독특한 풍미는 숙성 과정에서의 광범위한 단백질 분해를 통해 발달한다.
- Dysregulated proteolysis has been implicated in a number of disease processes, including cancer and neurodegeneration. 蛋白质水解失调已被证实与包括癌症和神经退行性疾病在内的多种疾病过程有关。La proteólisis desregulada se ha implicado en diversos procesos patológicos, incluidos el cáncer y la neurodegeneración.タンパク質分解の調節異常は、がんや神経変性を含む多くの疾病過程に関与していることが示されている。조절 이상의 단백질 분해는 암과 신경퇴행을 포함한 여러 질병 과정에 관여하는 것으로 밝혀졌다.
Pronunciación
Guía de uso
Contexto: academic, professional
Tono: neutral
Origen e historia
From Greek proteios (of the first quality, primary — the root of 'protein') + lysis (loosening, decomposition). The term emerged in the late 19th century alongside advances in enzyme biochemistry.
Contexto cultural
Era: Modern
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
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