meritocracy
Significado: A system in which advancement and positions of power are awarded based on individual ability and achievement rather than wealth, social class, or connections.
The concept of meritocracy suggests that talent and effort should determine success. However, the term is increasingly used critically, with scholars arguing that claims of meritocracy can mask structural inequalities. The word was actually coined satirically by British sociologist Michael Young in his 1958 book 'The Rise of the Meritocracy.' The adjective is 'meritocratic.' Common collocations include 'meritocratic society,' 'myth of meritocracy,' and 'meritocratic principles.'
Ejemplos
- The university claimed to operate as a meritocracy, admitting students solely on academic ability. 该大学声称以精英管理体制运作,仅凭学术能力录取学生。La universidad afirmaba funcionar como una meritocracia, admitiendo a los estudiantes exclusivamente por su capacidad académica.その大学は実力主義で運営していると主張し、学力のみで学生を入学させていた。그 대학은 학업 능력만으로 학생을 입학시키며 능력주의로 운영된다고 주장했다.
- Critics argue that the notion of a pure meritocracy ignores the advantages of inherited wealth and social capital. 批评者认为,纯粹精英管理的概念忽视了继承财富和社会资本的优势。Los críticos sostienen que la idea de una meritocracia pura ignora las ventajas de la riqueza heredada y el capital social.批評家たちは、純粋な実力主義という概念は相続財産や社会関係資本の優位性を無視していると主張する。비판론자들은 순수한 능력주의라는 개념이 상속된 부와 사회적 자본의 이점을 무시한다고 주장한다.
- Michael Young coined the term 'meritocracy' in 1958 as a warning, not an aspiration. 迈克尔·杨在1958年创造了'精英管理'一词,作为一种警告,而非一种理想。Michael Young acuñó el término «meritocracia» en 1958 como advertencia, no como aspiración.マイケル・ヤングは1958年に「実力主義」という言葉を、理想としてではなく警告として造った。마이클 영은 1958년에 '능력주의(meritocracy)'라는 용어를 이상이 아닌 경고로서 만들었다.
Pronunciación
Guía de uso
Contexto: academic, media, professional
Tono: neutral
Origen e historia
Coined by British sociologist Michael Young in 1958, combining Latin meritum (that which is deserved, from merere, to earn) with Greek -kratia (rule, power). Originally intended as a satirical critique.
Contexto cultural
Era: Modern
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
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