exothermic
Significado: Describing a chemical reaction or process that releases heat energy to its surroundings, resulting in an increase in the temperature of the immediate environment.
Exothermic reactions release energy, usually in the form of heat, and are characterised by a negative enthalpy change (ΔH). Combustion is the most familiar example — burning methane in a gas boiler heats water precisely because the reaction is exothermic. Neutralisation, respiration, and the setting of concrete are also exothermic. In industrial chemistry, managing the heat output of exothermic reactions is a critical safety concern, as runaway reactions can cause explosions. The concept is paired with 'endothermic' in every introductory chemistry course.
Ejemplos
- Combustion is a highly exothermic reaction, which is why fossil fuels are used as a source of thermal energy. 燃烧是高度放热的反应,这就是化石燃料被用作热能来源的原因。La combustión es una reacción altamente exotérmica, razón por la cual los combustibles fósiles se emplean como fuente de energía térmica.燃焼は非常に発熱的な反応であり、それが化石燃料が熱エネルギー源として使用される理由である。연소는 매우 발열적인 반응이며, 이것이 화석 연료가 열에너지원으로 사용되는 이유이다.
- The mixing of concentrated sulphuric acid with water is strongly exothermic and must be done carefully, always adding acid to water. 浓硫酸与水的混合是强烈放热的过程,必须小心操作,始终将酸加入水中。La mezcla de ácido sulfúrico concentrado con agua es fuertemente exotérmica y debe hacerse con cuidado, añadiendo siempre el ácido al agua.濃硫酸と水の混合は強い発熱反応であり、必ず酸を水に加える形で慎重に行わなければならない。진한 황산과 물의 혼합은 강한 발열 반응이므로 반드시 산을 물에 첨가하는 방식으로 조심스럽게 수행해야 한다.
- The exothermic nature of the curing process means that large concrete pours must be carefully managed to prevent thermal cracking. 固化过程的放热特性意味着大型混凝土浇筑必须精心管理,以防止热裂。La naturaleza exotérmica del proceso de fraguado implica que los vertidos de hormigón de gran volumen deben gestionarse cuidadosamente para evitar el agrietamiento térmico.硬化過程の発熱的な性質は、大規模なコンクリート打設において熱ひび割れを防ぐため慎重な管理が必要であることを意味する。경화 과정의 발열 특성은 대규모 콘크리트 타설 시 열 균열을 방지하기 위해 신중한 관리가 필요함을 의미한다.
Pronunciación
Guía de uso
Contexto: science, education, engineering
Tono: neutral
Origen e historia
From Greek exo (outside) and thermē (heat). Coined in the mid-19th century alongside 'endothermic' by the French chemist Marcellin Berthelot.
Contexto cultural
Era: Modern
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
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