epidemic
Significado: A widespread occurrence of an infectious disease within a community or region at a particular time, exceeding the normally expected frequency. Also used figuratively to describe any rapid, uncontrolled spread.
An epidemic is distinguished from an endemic disease (constantly present at baseline levels) and a pandemic (spread across multiple countries or continents). The term can function as both a noun and an adjective, as in 'epidemic proportions' or 'an epidemic of measles.' In public health, epidemics trigger heightened surveillance, contact tracing, and intervention measures. The figurative use extends to non-medical contexts such as 'an epidemic of knife crime.'
Ejemplos
- The cholera epidemic of 1854 led John Snow to identify contaminated water as the source of infection. 1854年的霍乱流行使约翰·斯诺确定了受污染的水源是感染源。La epidemia de cólera de 1854 llevó a John Snow a identificar el agua contaminada como fuente de la infección.1854年のコレラ流行により、ジョン・スノウは汚染された水が感染源であることを特定した。1854년 콜레라 유행으로 인해 존 스노는 오염된 물이 감염원임을 밝혀냈다.
- Public health officials warned that the measles epidemic could spread further if vaccination rates continued to decline. 公共卫生官员警告说,如果疫苗接种率继续下降,麻疹流行可能会进一步蔓延。Las autoridades sanitarias advirtieron de que la epidemia de sarampión podría extenderse si las tasas de vacunación seguían descendiendo.公衆衛生当局は、ワクチン接種率が引き続き低下すれば、麻疹の流行がさらに拡大する可能性があると警告した。공중보건 당국은 예방접종률이 계속 하락할 경우 홍역 유행이 더욱 확산될 수 있다고 경고하였다.
- The country is grappling with an epidemic of type 2 diabetes linked to rising obesity levels. 该国正在应对与肥胖率上升相关的2型糖尿病流行。El país se enfrenta a una epidemia de diabetes tipo 2 vinculada al aumento de los niveles de obesidad.その国は、肥満率の上昇に関連する2型糖尿病の蔓延に取り組んでいる。그 나라는 비만율 증가와 연관된 제2형 당뇨병의 만연에 대처하고 있다.
Pronunciación
Guía de uso
Contexto: medical, academic
Tono: neutral
Origen e historia
From Greek 'epidemia' (prevalence of a disease), from 'epi' (upon) and 'demos' (the people). Entered English via French in the early 17th century.
Contexto cultural
Era: Modern
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
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