empiricism
Significado: The philosophical theory that all knowledge is derived from sense experience and observation rather than from innate ideas or pure reason; a method based on observation and experiment rather than theory.
Empiricism is strongly associated with the British philosophical tradition — John Locke, George Berkeley, and David Hume are the canonical British empiricists. Locke's concept of the mind as a 'tabula rasa' (blank slate) at birth, shaped entirely by experience, is a foundational empiricist idea. Empiricism underpins the scientific method, which relies on observation and experiment. The adjective 'empirical' (based on observation) is widely used in academic writing: 'empirical evidence,' 'empirical research.'
Ejemplos
- British empiricism, as developed by Locke, Berkeley, and Hume, holds that knowledge originates in sensory experience rather than innate ideas. 以洛克、贝克莱和休谟为代表的英国经验主义认为,知识源于感官经验而非先天观念。El empirismo británico, desarrollado por Locke, Berkeley y Hume, sostiene que el conocimiento se origina en la experiencia sensorial y no en ideas innatas.ロック、バークリー、ヒュームによって発展した英国経験主義は、知識が生得的観念ではなく感覚的経験に由来すると主張する。로크, 버클리, 흄에 의해 발전된 영국 경험주의는 지식이 타고난 관념이 아닌 감각적 경험에서 비롯된다고 주장한다.
- The study adopted an empirical methodology, collecting data through surveys and interviews rather than relying on theoretical models alone. 该研究采用了经验方法论,通过调查和访谈收集数据,而不仅仅依赖理论模型。El estudio adoptó una metodología empírica, recogiendo datos mediante encuestas y entrevistas en lugar de basarse únicamente en modelos teóricos.その研究は経験的方法論を採用し、理論モデルのみに頼るのではなく、調査やインタビューを通じてデータを収集した。해당 연구는 경험적 방법론을 채택하여, 이론적 모델에만 의존하기보다는 설문조사와 인터뷰를 통해 데이터를 수집했다.
- Empiricism demands that claims be supported by observable evidence, rejecting arguments based solely on authority or tradition. 经验主义要求主张必须有可观察的证据支持,拒绝仅基于权威或传统的论证。El empirismo exige que las afirmaciones se sustenten con pruebas observables, rechazando argumentos basados exclusivamente en la autoridad o la tradición.経験主義は、主張が観察可能な証拠によって裏付けられることを要求し、権威や伝統のみに基づく議論を退ける。경험주의는 주장이 관찰 가능한 증거에 의해 뒷받침될 것을 요구하며, 권위나 전통에만 근거한 논증을 배척한다.
Pronunciación
Guía de uso
Contexto: academic
Tono: neutral
Origen e historia
From Greek empeiria (experience), from empeiros (experienced, skilled), combining en- (in) and peira (trial, experiment). The philosophical school emerged in the 17th century, though the word itself entered English earlier.
Contexto cultural
Era: Modern
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
Más de este tema
More from Philosophy & Ethics
Tarjetas, cuestionarios, audio y repetición espaciada — todo gratis