dilemma
Significado: A situation in which a difficult choice must be made between two or more alternatives, especially ones that are equally undesirable or mutually exclusive.
Strictly speaking, a dilemma involves exactly two options (from Greek di-, two), though in modern usage it is applied to any difficult decision. 'Moral dilemma' is a common collocation describing situations where moral principles conflict — the trolley problem is the most famous example. In logic, a dilemma is a form of argument presenting two alternatives, both leading to an unfavourable conclusion. 'Ethical dilemma,' 'political dilemma,' and 'the horns of a dilemma' are standard phrases.
Ejemplos
- The government faces a dilemma: raising taxes to fund public services risks economic slowdown, but cutting services will harm the most vulnerable. 政府面临着一个困境:加税以资助公共服务可能导致经济放缓,但削减服务将伤害最脆弱的群体。El gobierno se enfrenta a un dilema: subir los impuestos para financiar los servicios públicos arriesga una desaceleración económica, pero recortarlos perjudicará a los más vulnerables.政府はジレンマに直面している。公共サービスの資金を確保するための増税は経済の減速を招くリスクがあるが、サービスの削減は最も脆弱な人々を傷つけることになる。정부는 딜레마에 직면해 있다. 공공 서비스 재원 마련을 위한 증세는 경기 둔화의 위험이 있지만, 서비스 축소는 가장 취약한 계층에 피해를 줄 것이다.
- The trolley problem is a classic moral dilemma that forces people to choose between actively causing one death and passively allowing five deaths. 电车难题是一个经典的道德困境,迫使人们在主动造成一人死亡和被动允许五人死亡之间做出选择。El dilema del tranvía es un clásico dilema moral que obliga a elegir entre causar activamente una muerte y permitir pasivamente cinco.トロッコ問題は、能動的に一人の死を引き起こすか受動的に五人の死を許すかの選択を迫る古典的な道徳的ジレンマである。트롤리 문제는 능동적으로 한 명의 죽음을 야기할 것인지, 수동적으로 다섯 명의 죽음을 허용할 것인지의 선택을 강요하는 고전적인 도덕적 딜레마이다.
- Doctors frequently face ethical dilemmas when patients' wishes conflict with what medical professionals believe is in their best interest. 当患者的意愿与医疗专业人员认为符合其最大利益的做法相冲突时,医生经常面临伦理困境。Los médicos se enfrentan con frecuencia a dilemas éticos cuando los deseos de los pacientes entran en conflicto con lo que los profesionales sanitarios consideran que es lo mejor para ellos.患者の希望と医療専門家が最善であると考えることが対立する場合、医師はしばしば倫理的ジレンマに直面する。환자의 희망이 의료 전문가들이 최선이라고 믿는 것과 충돌할 때, 의사들은 종종 윤리적 딜레마에 직면한다.
Pronunciación
Guía de uso
Contexto: academic, professional, media
Tono: neutral
Origen e historia
From Greek dilemma (a double proposition), combining di- (two, twice) and lemma (a premise, a thing taken for granted), from lambanein (to take). Originally a term in rhetoric and logic.
Contexto cultural
Era: Modern
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
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