bureaucracy
Significado: A system of government or administration characterised by strict procedures, hierarchical authority, and extensive paperwork; often used pejoratively to describe excessive red tape.
Bureaucracy can be neutral, describing the administrative apparatus of government, or negative, suggesting inefficiency and unnecessary complexity. Max Weber's theory of bureaucracy describes it as a rational, rule-based system of organisation. In everyday British English, it is frequently used critically, as in 'drowning in bureaucracy.' Common collocations include 'government bureaucracy,' 'bureaucratic red tape,' and 'bureaucratic process.'
Ejemplos
- Small businesses often complain about the burden of government bureaucracy and excessive regulation. 中小企业常抱怨政府官僚体制和过度监管带来的负担。Las pequeñas empresas se quejan a menudo de la carga que supone la burocracia gubernamental y la regulación excesiva.中小企業はしばしば政府の官僚主義と過度な規制の負担に不満を訴える。중소기업들은 정부의 관료주의와 과도한 규제의 부담에 대해 자주 불만을 제기한다.
- The application process was slowed by layers of unnecessary bureaucracy. 申请流程因层层不必要的官僚手续而延误。El proceso de solicitud se ralentizó por capas de burocracia innecesaria.申請手続きは何層もの不要な官僚的手続きによって遅延した。신청 절차는 불필요한 관료적 절차의 겹겹이 쌓인 층으로 인해 지연되었다.
- Weber argued that bureaucracy was the most efficient form of organisational structure for large institutions. 韦伯认为官僚体制是大型机构最有效的组织结构形式。Weber sostenía que la burocracia era la forma más eficiente de estructura organizativa para las grandes instituciones.ウェーバーは、官僚制は大規模組織にとって最も効率的な組織構造であると論じた。베버는 관료제가 대규모 기관에 있어 가장 효율적인 조직 구조라고 주장했다.
Pronunciación
Guía de uso
Contexto: academic, professional, media
Tono: neutral
Origen e historia
From French bureaucratie, coined in the 18th century from bureau (desk, office) + -cratie (rule, government, from Greek kratos, power). The French economist Vincent de Gournay is credited with first using the term around 1764.
Contexto cultural
Era: Modern
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
Más de este tema
More from Law & Governance
Tarjetas, cuestionarios, audio y repetición espaciada — todo gratis