病む
Significado: To become mentally unwell or depressed — describes falling into a dark or emotionally troubled state.
While 病む traditionally means 'to fall ill,' in modern slang it specifically refers to mental or emotional deterioration. It is used when someone becomes depressed, anxious, or emotionally unstable, often due to relationship problems, social media, or life stress. The related noun form 病み (yami) is also common, as is the derived term 病みツイート (yami tweet, a depressive social media post). It sits between casual and serious — lighter than clinical language but heavier than ブルー.
Ejemplos
- 彼氏に振られてから完全に病んでる。 被男朋友甩了之后，整个人都不好了。Desde que su novio la dejó, está completamente hundida.남자친구한테 차이고 나서 완전히 병들었어.
- SNSばっかり見てると病むよ。 老是刷社交媒体的话，精神会出问题的。Si te pasas el día mirando redes sociales, vas a acabar mal.SNS만 계속 보면 병들어.
- 仕事のストレスで最近ちょっと病み気味かも。 因为工作压力，最近感觉有点不太对劲。Con el estrés del trabajo, últimamente creo que estoy un poco tocado emocionalmente.업무 스트레스로 요즘 좀 병들기 직전일지도.
Pronunciación
/ja.mɯ/
Guía de uso
Contexto: friends, social media, venting about relationships
Tono: troubled, concerned, self-aware
✓ Correcto
- 最近ちょっと病んでて、誰とも話したくない。 (I've been feeling mentally off lately and don't want to talk to anyone.)最近状态不太好，谁都不想理。（最近精神有点低落，不想跟任何人说话。）Últimamente estoy un poco mal emocionalmente y no me apetece hablar con nadie.요즘 좀 병들어서 아무하고도 얘기하고 싶지 않아.
- あの子、失恋してから病んでるみたい。 (That girl seems to have gone into a dark place since her breakup.)那个女孩失恋后好像整个人都不好了。（那个女生失恋后似乎陷入了很消沉的状态。）Parece que esa chica está bastante hundida desde que rompió con su novio.그 애, 실연 이후로 병든 것 같아.
✗ Incorrecto
- 目上の人や初対面の人に「病んでます」はカジュアルすぎる (Telling a superior or someone you just met 'yandemas' is too casual and oversharing)对长辈或初次见面的人说「病んでます」太随意了，属于过度分享Decirle a un superior o a alguien que acabas de conocer 'yandemas' es demasiado informal y es compartir de más.윗사람이나 처음 만나는 사람에게 '病んでます'는 너무 캐주얼하고 사적인 이야기를 과도하게 드러내는 것이다
Errores comunes
- Not understanding that 病む in slang is specifically about mental/emotional state, not physical illness — saying 風邪で病んでる sounds odd in modern usage
- Confusing 病む with ヤンデレ — while related etymologically, ヤンデレ specifically describes a fictional character archetype
Origen e historia
From the classical Japanese verb 病む (yamu, to become ill/sick). The semantic narrowing to mental illness in slang usage developed in the 2000s-2010s as discussions of mental health became more common among young people online.
Contexto cultural
Era: 2000s-2010s slang usage
Generation: 10s-30s, heavy social media users
Social background: Youth culture, especially online communities
Regional notes: Used across Japan. Very common in online discourse. The 病み aesthetic (dark, melancholic) is also a recognised subculture.
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