就活
Significado: Job hunting activities by university students — the structured process of seeking employment before graduation.
就活 is an abbreviation of 就職活動 and refers to the highly ritualized job hunting process unique to Japan. University students typically begin 就活 in their third year, attending company information sessions, wearing identical black suits (リクルートスーツ), and going through multiple rounds of interviews. The process is notoriously stressful and conformist, with students expected to demonstrate loyalty and enthusiasm. The 就活 season has been a persistent topic of debate and reform.
Ejemplos
- 就活始めたけど、ESの書き方がわからない。 开始找工作了，但不知道怎么写求职简历。He empezado la búsqueda de empleo, pero no sé cómo redactar la carta de presentación.취활 시작했는데, 자기소개서 쓰는 법을 모르겠어.
- 就活でお祈りメール50社からもらったわ。 求职过程中收到了50家公司的婉拒邮件。He recibido correos de rechazo de 50 empresas durante la búsqueda de empleo.취활에서 50개 회사한테 불합격 메일 받았어.
- 就活って結局コミュ力がある人が有利だよね。 求职到头来还是沟通能力强的人占优势呢。Al final, en la búsqueda de empleo ganan los que tienen mejores habilidades sociales, ¿no?취활은 결국 커뮤니케이션 능력 있는 사람이 유리하지.
Pronunciación
/ɕuː.ka.tsɯ/
Guía de uso
Contexto: university, friends, career discussions
Tono: stressful, commiserating
✓ Correcto
- 就活いつから始める？もう動き出してる人多いよ。 (When are you starting job hunting? A lot of people have already started.)你打算什么时候开始找工作？很多人已经行动了。（你什么时候开始求职？已经有很多人在准备了。）¿Cuándo empiezas la búsqueda de empleo? Ya hay mucha gente en marcha.취활 언제부터 시작할 거야? 이미 움직이는 사람 많아. (취활 언제 시작해? 벌써 시작한 사람이 많아.)
- 就活つらすぎて毎日泣きそう。 (Job hunting is so hard I could cry every day.)找工作太难了，每天都想哭。（求职真的太辛苦了，每天都快哭出来。）La búsqueda de empleo es tan dura que me dan ganas de llorar todos los días.취활이 너무 힘들어서 매일 울 것 같아. (취업 활동이 너무 힘들어서 매일 울고 싶어.)
✗ Incorrecto
- 就活で苦しんでる人に「楽勝でしょ」は禁句 (Never tell someone struggling with 就活 that it's 'easy' — it's one of the most stressful experiences for Japanese students)绝对不能对正在为求职苦恼的人说'这有什么难的'（千万不要对在求职中挣扎的人说'很简单吧'——这是日本大学生最大的压力来源之一）Nunca le digas a alguien que lo está pasando mal con la búsqueda de empleo que «es pan comido»: es una de las experiencias más estresantes para los estudiantes japoneses.취활로 힘들어하는 사람에게 '쉽지 않아?'는 금기 (就活로 고생하는 사람에게 '쉽잖아'라고 절대 말하지 마라 — 일본 학생들에게 가장 스트레스 큰 경험 중 하나다)
Errores comunes
- Confusing 就活 with general job searching — it specifically refers to the structured new-graduate hiring process
- Not knowing ES means エントリーシート (entry sheet / application form) — a key part of 就活
Origen e historia
Abbreviation of 就職活動 (employment activities). The structured 就活 system emerged in the postwar era with the practice of 新卒一括採用 (mass hiring of new graduates). The abbreviation 就活 became standard in casual speech from the 2000s.
Contexto cultural
Era: Postwar system, abbreviated form common from 2000s
Generation: University students and recent graduates
Social background: Primarily university students seeking corporate employment
Regional notes: Used across all of Japan. The 就活 system with identical black suits and rigid scheduling is uniquely Japanese.
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