始発

Vocabulary Word Japanese ★★★★★ Very Common Neutral
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Significado: The first train of the day — the earliest departure, typically around 4:30-5:30 AM.

首班车——当天最早发出的列车,通常在凌晨4:30到5:30之间。
El primer tren del día — la primera salida, normalmente entre las 4:30 y las 5:30 de la mañana.
첫차 — 그날의 첫 번째 열차로, 보통 새벽 4시 30분~5시 30분경에 출발한다.

In Japanese urban life, 始発 is a culturally loaded word. It is the train that rescues people who stayed out all night — whether drinking, at karaoke, or at a club. '始発で帰る' (going home on the first train) is a badge of a big night out. It also represents extreme dedication when someone catches the first train to get somewhere early. The first train time varies by line and station but is generally between 4:30 and 5:30 AM.

在日本城市生活中,始発是一个文化含义丰富的词。它是拯救那些在外面待了一整夜的人的列车——无论是喝酒、唱卡拉OK还是去夜店。'坐首班车回家'是玩了一个大晚上的标志。同时,赶首班车去某个地方也体现了极致的认真态度。首班车的时间因线路和车站而异,一般在凌晨4:30到5:30之间。
En la vida urbana japonesa, 始発 es una palabra con gran carga cultural. Es el tren que rescata a quienes han pasado toda la noche fuera — ya sea bebiendo, en el karaoke o en un club. '始発で帰る' (volver a casa en el primer tren) es señal de una gran noche de fiesta. También representa una dedicación extrema cuando alguien coge el primer tren para llegar pronto a algún sitio. La hora del primer tren varía según la línea y la estación, pero generalmente es entre las 4:30 y las 5:30 de la mañana.
일본 도시 생활에서 始発(시하츠)는 문화적으로 깊은 의미를 지닌 단어다. 밤새 술을 마시거나, 노래방이나 클럽에 있다가 구원해주는 열차이기도 하다. '始発で帰る'(첫차로 귀가하다)는 신나게 논 밤의 훈장과도 같다. 또한 어딘가에 일찍 가기 위해 첫차를 타는 극도의 열정을 나타내기도 한다. 첫차 시간은 노선과 역에 따라 다르지만 대체로 새벽 4시 30분에서 5시 30분 사이다.

Ejemplos

  1. 飲みすぎて始発まで待つ羽目になった。
    喝太多了,结果只能等首班车了。
    Bebí demasiado y acabé teniendo que esperar al primer tren.
    너무 많이 마셔서 첫차까지 기다리는 신세가 됐어.
  2. 始発で行けば朝イチの新幹線に間に合うよ。
    坐首班车去的话能赶上最早的新干线。
    Si coges el primer tren, llegas a tiempo para el primer Shinkansen de la mañana.
    첫차로 가면 아침 첫 신칸센에 맞출 수 있어.
  3. オールして始発で帰るパターンね。
    通宵然后坐首班车回家的套路嘛。
    El clásico plan de trasnochar y volver a casa en el primer tren.
    밤새고 첫차로 귀가하는 패턴이네.

Pronunciación

/ɕi.ha.tsu/

Guía de uso

Contexto: nightlife, commuting, daily conversation

Tono: practical, sometimes resigned

✓ Correcto

  • 始発何時だっけ?もう終電ないよね。 (What time is the first train again? There are no more trains tonight, right?)
    首班车几点来着?已经没有末班车了吧。
    ¿A qué hora era el primer tren? Ya no quedan trenes esta noche, ¿no? (What time is the first train again? There are no more trains tonight, right?)
    첫차 몇 시였지? 이제 막차 없지?
  • 始発まであと2時間、カラオケ行く? (Two more hours until the first train — wanna go to karaoke?)
    离首班车还有两个小时,去唱卡拉OK吧?
    Quedan dos horas para el primer tren, ¿vamos al karaoke? (Two more hours until the first train — wanna go to karaoke?)
    첫차까지 2시간 남았는데, 노래방 갈래?

✗ Incorrecto

  • 「始発」はその路線の最初の電車のこと — 単に「早い電車」という意味ではない (始発 means the very first train on a line — it doesn't just mean any early train)
    '始発'指的是该线路当天的第一班列车——并不是泛指'早班车'
    'Shihatsu' se refiere al primerísimo tren de una línea — no significa simplemente cualquier tren tempranero (始発 means the very first train on a line — it doesn't just mean any early train)
    '시하츠'는 해당 노선의 첫 번째 열차를 말한다 — 단순히 '이른 열차'라는 뜻이 아니다

Errores comunes

Origen e historia

Compound of 始 (beginning) and 発 (departure). Standard railway term that has taken on strong cultural connotations in Japan's nightlife and work culture, where the gap between 終電 (last train) and 始発 (first train) defines the rhythm of the night.

Contexto cultural

Era: Railway term, deep cultural significance

Generation: All ages, especially 20s–40s nightlife culture

Social background: Universal urban life

Regional notes: Used in all Japanese cities with train systems. The 終電–始発 gap (roughly midnight to 5 AM) is a defining feature of Japanese urban nightlife.

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