借金
Significado: Debt; money that is borrowed and owed — carries a heavy social stigma in Japan.
借金 is one of the most stigmatized words in Japanese society. While mortgages and student loans exist, personal 借金 (especially from 消費者金融, consumer finance companies) carries intense shame. The culture of avoiding debt is deeply ingrained — being in 借金 is seen as a personal failure. This stigma can prevent people from seeking help. On social media, 借金返済 (debt repayment) journeys are both confessional content and cautionary tales. Topics like 多重債務 (multiple debts) and 自己破産 (personal bankruptcy) are serious social issues.
Ejemplos
- 借金あるって友達にも言えないし、一人で抱え込んでてつらい。 有债务这件事连朋友都没法说,一个人扛着真的很痛苦。No puedo ni contarles a mis amigos que tengo deudas, y cargar con ello a solas es muy duro.빚이 있다는 걸 친구한테도 말 못 하고, 혼자 끌어안고 있어서 괴로워.
- 借金返し終わったときの解放感は半端なかった。 还清债务那一刻的解脱感简直无法形容。La sensación de liberación cuando terminé de pagar la deuda fue indescriptible.빚을 다 갚았을 때의 해방감은 장난이 아니었어.
- 若いころの借金がまだ残ってて、利息がやばいことになってる。 年轻时欠的债还没还完,利息已经滚到了可怕的地步。Todavía me quedan deudas de cuando era joven, y los intereses se han disparado.젊었을 때 진 빚이 아직 남아 있는데, 이자가 엄청나게 불어나 있어.
Pronunciación
/ɕak.kiɴ/
Guía de uso
Contexto: daily conversation, financial planning, social media, news
Tono: serious, stigmatized
✓ Correcto
- 借金は早めに返した方がいい、利息がどんどん増えるから。 (You should pay off debt early — interest keeps growing.)债务最好尽早还清,因为利息会越滚越多。(You should pay off debt early — interest keeps growing.)借金は早めに返した方がいい、利息がどんどん増えるから。 (Es mejor pagar las deudas cuanto antes — los intereses no paran de crecer.)빚은 빨리 갚는 게 좋아, 이자가 계속 불어나니까. (빚은 일찍 갚는 게 좋다 — 이자가 점점 늘어나니까.)
- 借金があるなら一人で悩まないで相談した方がいいよ。 (If you have debt, don't struggle alone — talk to someone.)如果有债务的话不要一个人扛,去找人咨询比较好。(If you have debt, don't struggle alone — talk to someone.)借金があるなら一人で悩まないで相談した方がいいよ。 (Si tienes deudas, no te lo calles — habla con alguien.)빚이 있으면 혼자 고민하지 말고 상담받는 게 좋아. (빚이 있다면 혼자 끙끙대지 말고 누군가에게 상의해.)
✗ Incorrecto
- 「借金あるの?」と直接聞くのは非常に失礼 (Directly asking someone 'Do you have debt?' is extremely rude in Japan due to the strong stigma)直接问别人'你有债务吗?'是非常失礼的(Directly asking someone 'Do you have debt?' is extremely rude in Japan due to the strong stigma)「借金あるの?」と直接聞くのは非常に失礼 (Preguntarle directamente a alguien '¿tienes deudas?' es extremadamente maleducado en Japón debido al fuerte estigma)'借金あるの?'라고 직접 묻는 것은 매우 실례 (강한 낙인 때문에 일본에서 누군가에게 '빚 있어?'라고 직접 묻는 것은 극히 무례한 행동이다)
Errores comunes
- Treating 借金 as casually as English 'debt' — in Japanese, 借金 carries significantly more shame and stigma than the English equivalent. Using it lightly can be insensitive
Origen e historia
From 借 (borrow) + 金 (money/gold). A standard Japanese word with deep cultural weight. Japan's historical emphasis on financial independence and the shame culture around debt make this word particularly loaded.
Contexto cultural
Era: Ancient concept, modern consumer debt issues from 1990s bubble collapse
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal, but stigma is particularly strong
Regional notes: Used across all of Japan. Japan has free debt consultation services (多重債務相談) and legal aid for 自己破産 (personal bankruptcy). The stigma around 借金 can delay people seeking help.
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