年金
Significado: The public pension system; retirement income from government and employer pension plans.
Few words stir as much anxiety in Japanese society as 年金. With Japan's rapidly aging population, young workers increasingly doubt they'll receive adequate pensions when they retire. '年金もらえるのかな' (Will I even get a pension?) is a common worry. The debate involves payment rates, eligibility age, sustainability, and generational fairness. 年金 is also used broadly for any frustration with the social security system.
Ejemplos
- 年金だけで暮らしていける時代じゃないよね。 光靠养老金已经不是能过活的时代了。Ya no estamos en una época en la que se pueda vivir solo con la pensión, ¿verdad?연금만으로 살아갈 수 있는 시대는 아니지.
- 年金もらえる年齢がまた引き上げられるかもって噂が怖い。 听说领取养老金的年龄可能又要提高了，好可怕。Da miedo el rumor de que podrían volver a retrasar la edad para cobrar la pensión.연금 수급 연령이 또 올라갈 수도 있다는 소문이 무서워.
- 年金払ってるけど、自分の老後にはもらえない気がしてならない。 虽然在交养老金，但总觉得等到自己老了的时候领不到。Pago la pensión, pero tengo la sensación de que cuando me jubile ya no la voy a cobrar.연금 내고는 있는데, 내 노후에는 못 받을 것 같은 기분이 들어.
Pronunciación
/neɴ.kiɴ/
Guía de uso
Contexto: daily conversation, news, social media, politics
Tono: anxious, concerned
✓ Correcto
- 年金だけじゃ足りないから自分でも備えないとね。 (The pension alone won't be enough, so we need to prepare on our own.)光靠养老金不够，得自己也做准备才行。（光靠养老金是不够的，所以我们自己也需要做准备。）Solo con la pensión no va a bastar, así que hay que prepararse por cuenta propia.연금만으로는 부족하니까 스스로도 대비해야지. (연금만으로는 안 되니까 자기 자신도 준비해 둬야 해.)
- 年金の仕組みって複雑すぎて全然理解できない。 (The pension system is too complicated and I can't understand it at all.)养老金制度太复杂了，完全搞不懂。（养老金制度太复杂了，我完全理解不了。）El sistema de pensiones es demasiado complicado; no lo entiendo en absoluto.연금 구조가 너무 복잡해서 전혀 이해가 안 돼. (연금 제도가 너무 복잡해서 도통 이해할 수가 없어.)
✗ Incorrecto
- 「年金なんて払い損」と若者を煽るのは無責任 — telling young people that paying pension is a waste is irresponsible, as the system still provides essential coverage煽动年轻人说'交养老金就是白交'是不负责任的——告诉年轻人交养老金是浪费钱是不负责任的，因为这个制度仍然提供着基本保障Decirles a los jóvenes que 'pagar la pensión es tirar el dinero' es irresponsable, ya que el sistema sigue proporcionando una cobertura esencial'年金なんて払い損'이라고 젊은이를 선동하는 건 무책임하다 — 젊은이에게 연금 납부가 손해라고 하는 것은 무책임하다. 연금 제도는 여전히 필수적인 보장을 제공한다
Errores comunes
- Confusing 国民年金 (national pension for self-employed) with 厚生年金 (employee pension with employer contributions) — they are different tiers of the system
Origen e historia
From 年 (year) + 金 (money). Japan's public pension system was established in 1961 as a universal system. The term has become loaded with anxiety as demographic changes threaten the system's sustainability.
Contexto cultural
Era: System from 1961, anxiety-driven discussions intensifying from 2000s
Generation: All ages — retirees depend on it, workers worry about its future
Social background: Universal
Regional notes: Used across all of Japan. The sustainability of the pension system is one of Japan's most debated social issues, directly tied to the aging population crisis.
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