マルチ商法
Significado: Multi-level marketing (MLM) or pyramid scheme — a business model widely regarded as predatory in Japan.
マルチ商法 is one of the most reviled business practices in Japanese society. Stories of friendships ruined by MLM recruitment are extremely common — the phrase '久しぶりに連絡してきたと思ったらマルチの勧誘だった' (they contacted me after a long time and it turned out to be MLM recruitment) is a shared experience. Japanese law technically distinguishes between legal 連鎖販売取引 (chain sales) and illegal ネズミ講 (pyramid schemes), but socially, マルチ商法 is universally negative.
Ejemplos
- 大学の友達から久しぶりに連絡きたと思ったらマルチ商法の勧誘だった。 大学朋友突然联系我，本以为是叙旧，结果是传销拉人。Un amigo de la universidad me escribió después de mucho tiempo y resultó ser para reclutarme en un esquema multinivel.대학 친구한테 오랜만에 연락이 왔나 했더니 다단계 권유였어.
- マルチ商法に引っかかって借金作った人を何人も知ってる。 因为传销而背上债务的人我认识好几个。Conozco a varias personas que cayeron en un esquema multinivel y acabaron endeudadas.다단계에 걸려서 빚을 만든 사람을 여러 명 알고 있어.
- それマルチ商法じゃない？「権利収入」とか言ってくるやつは大体怪しい。 那不是传销吗？动不动就说什么'被动收入'的基本都很可疑。¿Eso no es marketing multinivel? Los que te hablan de 'ingresos pasivos' suelen ser sospechosos.그거 다단계 아니야? '권리 수입'이니 뭐니 하는 건 대부분 수상해.
Pronunciación
/ma.ɾu.tɕi.ɕoː.hoː/
Guía de uso
Contexto: social media, friends, warnings, daily conversation
Tono: critical, warning
✓ Correcto
- それマルチ商法っぽいから距離置いた方がいいよ。 (That sounds like an MLM — you should keep your distance.)那个看起来像传销，还是保持距离比较好。（That sounds like an MLM — you should keep your distance.）それマルチ商法っぽいから距離置いた方がいいよ。 (Eso suena a marketing multinivel — deberías mantener las distancias.)그거 다단계 같으니까 거리를 두는 게 좋겠어. (다단계 같으니까 거리를 두는 게 나아.)
- マルチ商法の見分け方って意外と知らない人多い。 (A lot of people surprisingly don't know how to spot MLMs.)意外地有很多人不知道怎么辨别传销。（A lot of people surprisingly don't know how to spot MLMs.）マルチ商法の見分け方って意外と知らない人多い。 (Mucha gente sorprendentemente no sabe cómo identificar un esquema multinivel.)다단계 구별법을 의외로 모르는 사람이 많아. (다단계를 알아보는 방법을 뜻밖에 모르는 사람이 많다.)
✗ Incorrecto
- マルチ商法に誘っている人に面と向かって「マルチだろ」と言うと関係が壊れる — 上手にかわすのが得策 (Directly confronting an MLM recruiter with 'That's an MLM' can destroy the relationship — deflecting gracefully is wiser)当面对正在拉人的传销人员说'你这就是传销吧'会搞僵关系——巧妙地回避才是上策（Directly confronting an MLM recruiter with 'That's an MLM' can destroy the relationship — deflecting gracefully is wiser）マルチ商法に誘っている人に面と向かって「マルチだろ」と言うと関係が壊れる — 上手にかわすのが得策 (Confrontar directamente a alguien que te recluta para un MLM diciéndole 'eso es un multinivel' puede destruir la relación — lo más sensato es esquivarlo con tacto)다단계를 권유하는 사람에게 대놓고 'マルチだろ'라고 하면 관계가 깨진다 — 능숙하게 피하는 게 현명 (다단계 권유자에게 정면으로 '그거 다단계지'라고 하면 관계가 파탄날 수 있다 — 우회적으로 피하는 게 현명하다)
Errores comunes
- Confusing マルチ商法 (MLM, legally gray) with ネズミ講 (pyramid scheme, outright illegal) — both are negatively viewed but legally distinct in Japan
Origen e historia
From English 'multi' (マルチ, short for multi-level) + 商法 (business method/commerce law). The term gained notoriety in Japan from the 1970s onward as MLM companies entered the Japanese market and recruitment-related social problems became widespread.
Contexto cultural
Era: 1970s onwards, heightened awareness from 2000s
Generation: All ages, recruitment commonly targets 20s-30s
Social background: Universal awareness
Regional notes: Used across all of Japan. Common MLM companies in Japan include Amway, Nu Skin, and various domestic operations. Consumer protection centers (消費生活センター) handle MLM complaints.
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