塾
Significado: An after-school tutoring academy or cram school where students study supplementary lessons outside regular school.
塾 is a fundamental part of Japanese student life. Most students attend 塾 from elementary or middle school to supplement regular schoolwork and prepare for entrance exams. Unlike 予備校, 塾 serves a broader age range and covers both exam prep and general academic support. Japan has tens of thousands of 塾 ranging from small neighborhood operations to massive franchises like 公文 (Kumon).
Ejemplos
- 小学校から塾に通ってたから遊ぶ時間なかったな。 从小学就开始上补习班了,根本没时间玩。Iba a la academia desde primaria, así que no tenía tiempo para jugar.초등학교 때부터 학원에 다녀서 놀 시간이 없었어.
- 塾の宿題と学校の宿題で毎日寝る時間ないんだけど。 补习班的作业加上学校的作业,每天都没时间睡觉了。Entre los deberes de la academia y los del colegio, no tengo tiempo ni para dormir.학원 숙제에 학교 숙제까지 매일 잘 시간이 없는데.
- 塾の先生のおかげで数学が好きになった。 多亏了补习班老师,我开始喜欢数学了。Gracias al profesor de la academia, empecé a gustarme las matemáticas.학원 선생님 덕분에 수학을 좋아하게 됐어.
Pronunciación
/dʑɯ.kɯ/
Guía de uso
Contexto: education, family, daily life
Tono: neutral, everyday
✓ Correcto
- 今日塾あるから先に帰るね。 (I have cram school today so I'm heading home first.)今天有补习班,我先走了。(我今天有补习班,先回去了。)Hoy tengo academia, así que me voy a casa antes.오늘 학원 있으니까 먼저 갈게.
- 塾なしで受験する子って最近少ないよね。 (There aren't many kids who take exams without going to cram school these days.)最近不上补习班就参加考试的孩子真的很少了。(现在不上补习班就参加考试的孩子越来越少了。)Hoy en día hay pocos niños que se presenten a los exámenes sin ir a una academia, ¿no?요즘 학원 안 다니고 시험 보는 애가 별로 없잖아.
✗ Incorrecto
- 「塾にも行ってないの?」は失礼になることがある (Asking 'you don't even go to cram school?' can be rude — it implies their family can't afford it)'你连补习班都没上吗?'有时候会让人觉得不礼貌(问'你连补习班都没上?'可能会让人觉得不礼貌——这暗示对方家里负担不起)Preguntar «¿ni siquiera vas a una academia?» puede ser maleducado — da a entender que su familia no puede permitírselo.「학원도 안 다녀?」라는 질문은 실례가 될 수 있다 — 집안 형편이 안 된다는 뉘앙스를 줄 수 있다
Errores comunes
- Assuming every 塾 is for exam prep — many are for general academic support, homework help, or enrichment
Origen e historia
The character 塾 originally referred to a private school or academy. The modern 塾 industry exploded in the postwar period alongside Japan's education-focused society. Today it is a multi-billion dollar industry.
Contexto cultural
Era: Postwar era onwards, deeply embedded in culture
Generation: All ages — most Japanese people have attended at some point
Social background: Widespread but attendance rates correlate with family income
Regional notes: Used across all of Japan. A defining feature of the Japanese education system that surprises many foreigners.
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