受験戦争
Significado: The intense, high-stakes competition surrounding entrance exams for schools and universities in Japan.
受験戦争 describes the extreme pressure and competition that Japanese students face when preparing for entrance exams, particularly for prestigious high schools and universities. The metaphor of 'war' captures the grueling study schedules, family sacrifices, and societal pressure involved. While this phenomenon peaked in the 1980s-90s bubble era, it remains a defining and widely discussed feature of Japanese education.
Ejemplos
- 受験戦争のせいで中学から毎日塾に通ってたよ。 因为考试战争,从初中开始每天都在上补习班。Por culpa de la guerra de exámenes, iba a clases de refuerzo todos los días desde secundaria.受験戦争(주켄센소) 때문에 중학교 때부터 매일 학원에 다녔어.
- 日本の受験戦争って海外から見たら異常らしいね。 日本的考试战争从海外看来好像是不可思议的。Parece que la guerra de exámenes japonesa se ve como algo anormal desde el extranjero.일본의 受験戦争은 해외에서 보면 비정상적이라더라.
- 受験戦争を乗り越えたから、大学ではちょっと遊びたい。 熬过了考试战争,上了大学想稍微放松玩一下。Después de sobrevivir a la guerra de exámenes, quiero disfrutar un poco en la universidad.受験戦争을 이겨냈으니까 대학에서는 좀 놀고 싶어.
Pronunciación
/dʑɯ.keɴ seɴ.soː/
Guía de uso
Contexto: education, family, news, social commentary
Tono: serious, critical
✓ Correcto
- 受験戦争がなかったら日本の教育はもっと楽だったのにね。 (If there were no exam wars, Japanese education would be much easier.)如果没有考试战争的话,日本的教育会轻松很多呢。(如果没有考试战争,日本的教育会轻松得多。)Si no existiera la guerra de exámenes, la educación en Japón sería mucho más llevadera.受験戦争이 없었다면 일본 교육은 훨씬 편했을 텐데. (입시 전쟁이 없었으면 일본 교육은 훨씬 수월했을 텐데.)
- うちの子も来年から受験戦争に突入だよ。 (My kid is entering exam war territory next year.)我家孩子明年也要进入考试战争了。(我家孩子明年也要加入考试大军了。)Mi hijo entra en la guerra de exámenes el año que viene.우리 아이도 내년부터 受験戦争에 돌입이야. (우리 애도 내년부터 입시 전쟁에 돌입이야.)
✗ Incorrecto
- 楽しかった受験戦争 — 受験戦争 is inherently negative; calling it fun sounds sarcastic or insensitive'愉快的考试战争'——受験戦争本身就是负面的;说它'愉快'听起来不是讽刺就是不体贴«La guerra de exámenes fue divertida» — 受験戦争 es inherentemente negativo; llamarlo divertido suena sarcástico o insensible.즐거웠던 受験戦争 — 受験戦争은 본질적으로 부정적인 표현이므로 즐거웠다고 하면 냉소적이거나 무신경하게 들린다
Errores comunes
- Thinking 受験戦争 only refers to university entrance — it also covers elite middle school and high school admissions (中学受験, 高校受験)
Origen e historia
Coined in the postwar era as Japan's education system became increasingly competitive. The term gained widespread use during the 1960s-80s high-growth period when university prestige became tightly linked to lifetime career prospects.
Contexto cultural
Era: 1960s-80s peak, still relevant today
Generation: All ages — a defining Japanese cultural experience
Social background: Especially intense among middle and upper-middle class families
Regional notes: Nationwide phenomenon but especially fierce in Tokyo and Osaka where prestigious schools are concentrated.
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