副業
Significado: A side job or side hustle done in addition to one's main employment.
副業 was long taboo in Japanese corporate culture, with most companies explicitly banning employees from having second jobs. This started to change around 2018 when the government revised its model employment regulations to allow side work. The term is now extremely common as more workers seek additional income or explore passions alongside their main careers. Popular side jobs include freelance writing, programming, selling on Mercari, and content creation.
Ejemplos
- 最近副業でWebライターを始めたんだけど、意外と稼げる。 最近开始做网络写手当副业,没想到还挺赚的。Hace poco empecé a trabajar como redactor web como trabajo secundario y se gana sorprendentemente bien.요즘 부업으로 웹 라이터를 시작했는데 의외로 잘 벌려.
- うちの会社、やっと副業OKになったよ。 我们公司终于允许搞副业了。En mi empresa por fin han permitido tener trabajos secundarios.우리 회사 드디어 부업 허용됐어.
- 副業禁止の会社ってもう時代遅れだよね。 还禁止副业的公司已经跟不上时代了吧。Las empresas que prohíben los trabajos secundarios ya están desfasadas, ¿no?부업 금지인 회사는 이제 시대에 뒤떨어진 거 아냐?
Pronunciación
/ɸu.ku.ɡʲoː/
Guía de uso
Contexto: workplace, casual conversation, career discussions
Tono: practical, matter-of-fact
✓ Correcto
- 副業で月5万くらい稼いでるよ。 (I earn about 50,000 yen a month from my side job.)我靠副业每个月能赚大约5万日元。(我做副业每月大约赚5万日元。)Con mi trabajo secundario gano unos 50 000 yenes al mes.부업으로 월 5만 엔 정도 벌고 있어. (부업으로 월 5만 엔 정도 수입이 있어.)
- 副業解禁されてから、何始めるか迷ってる。 (Since side jobs were allowed, I've been wondering what to start.)公司解禁副业之后,一直在纠结要开始做什么。(自从允许搞副业以来,我一直在犹豫该做什么。)Desde que permitieron los trabajos secundarios, no sé por cuál decidirme.부업이 허용되고 나서 뭘 시작할지 고민 중이야. (부업이 해금된 이후로 뭘 할지 계속 고민하고 있어.)
✗ Incorrecto
- 副業禁止の会社で副業の話をしない (Don't talk about your side job at a company that bans them — you could get fired)在禁止副业的公司里不要谈论副业的事(在禁止兼职的公司聊副业可能会被开除)No hables de tu trabajo secundario en una empresa que los prohíbe: te podrían despedir.부업 금지인 회사에서 부업 이야기를 꺼내지 말 것 (부업을 금지하는 회사에서 부업 이야기를 하지 마라 — 해고될 수 있다)
Errores comunes
- Confusing 副業 with 複業 — 副業 means a secondary side job, while 複業 (same pronunciation) means having multiple equal careers simultaneously
Origen e historia
A compound of 副 (secondary/sub) and 業 (work/business). The term itself is old, but it became a major buzzword after the Japanese government's 2018 work-style reform encouraged companies to permit side jobs.
Contexto cultural
Era: 2018 buzzword with government work-style reform
Generation: All working-age adults, especially 20s-40s
Social background: Widespread across industries
Regional notes: Used across all of Japan. The 2018 副業解禁 (side job liberalization) was a major cultural shift in Japanese work norms.
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