代返
Significado: Having a friend answer roll call or submit an attendance card on your behalf — a classic act of proxy attendance at Japanese universities.
代返 is a time-honoured tradition of university truancy where a classmate responds to your name during attendance or submits your attendance card while you skip class. While technically against university rules and potentially grounds for disciplinary action, it remains widely practised. With the shift to digital IC card systems and smartphone-based attendance, traditional 代返 has become harder, spawning new creative workarounds.
Ejemplos
- 今日体調悪いから代返お願いしていい？ 今天身体不舒服，能帮我代答到吗？Hoy no me encuentro bien, ¿puedes firmar la asistencia por mí?오늘 컨디션 안 좋은데 대리 출석 부탁해도 돼?
- 代返がバレて二人とも欠席扱いにされた。 代签被发现了，两个人都被记了缺勤。Nos pillaron con la asistencia por delegación y a los dos nos pusieron falta.대리 출석 들켜서 둘 다 결석 처리됐어.
- あいつは週3で代返してもらってるのに単位取れてるの謎。 那个人每周被代签三次还能拿到学分，真是谜。Es un misterio que ese tío consiga aprobar cuando le firman la asistencia tres días a la semana.걔는 일주일에 3번 대리 출석 부탁하면서 학점 따는 게 신기해.
Pronunciación
/da.i.heɴ/
Guía de uso
Contexto: university, friends, student life
Tono: conspiratorial, casual
✓ Correcto
- 明日の1限、代返頼んでいい？ (Can I ask you to cover attendance for me in first period tomorrow?)明天第一节课，能帮我代签吗？¿Puedo pedirte que me cubras la asistencia en la primera hora de mañana?내일 1교시 대리 출석 부탁해도 돼? (Can I ask you to cover attendance for me in first period tomorrow?)
- 代返バレたらやばいからちゃんと出な。 (If proxy attendance gets caught you're in trouble, so actually show up.)代签被抓到就完了，还是乖乖去上课吧。Si te pillan con la asistencia por delegación la vas a liar, así que mejor ve a clase.대리 출석 들키면 큰일 나니까 제대로 나와. (If proxy attendance gets caught you're in trouble, so actually show up.)
✗ Incorrecto
- 先生に「代返してました」と正直に言う (Don't honestly tell your professor you've been using proxy attendance)不要老实地告诉教授'我一直在让人代签'No le confieses sinceramente a tu profesor que has estado usando asistencia por delegación.교수님에게 「대리 출석했습니다」라고 솔직하게 말하지 마라 (Don't honestly tell your professor you've been using proxy attendance)
Errores comunes
- Confusing 代返 with 代筆 (ghostwriting) — 代返 specifically refers to attendance fraud, not writing assignments for someone
Origen e historia
A compound of 代 (substitute) and 返事 (reply/response), shortened to 返. Has existed as long as Japanese universities have taken attendance, dating back to at least the postwar era.
Contexto cultural
Era: Postwar university culture, ongoing but declining with digital systems
Generation: University students
Social background: Universal among Japanese university students
Regional notes: Used across all of Japan. Increasingly difficult at universities that use IC card or smartphone-based attendance systems.
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