ブラック
Significado: Exploitative, toxic — describes companies or environments with terrible working conditions, unpaid overtime, and employee abuse.
ブラック is most commonly seen in ブラック企業 (black company), a term that became a major social issue in Japan from the late 2000s onward. It describes workplaces with illegal overtime, harassment, terrible pay, and a culture of worker exploitation. The term has expanded beyond companies to describe any toxic, exploitative environment or practice. It reflects deep societal concern about Japan's overwork culture.
Ejemplos
- 前の会社、完全にブラックだったから辞めた。 上一家公司完全是黑心企业,所以我辞职了。Mi empresa anterior era completamente tóxica, así que la dejé.전 회사, 완전 블랙이라서 그만뒀어.
- ブラック企業ランキング見た?あの会社入ってたよ。 你看了黑心企业排行榜吗?那家公司上榜了。¿Viste el ranking de empresas explotadoras? Esa empresa estaba incluida.블랙 기업 랭킹 봤어? 그 회사 들어가 있더라.
- 残業月100時間とか、それブラックでしょ。 一个月加班100小时,这不就是黑心企业吗。¿100 horas extra al mes? Eso es una empresa explotadora, ¿no?월 100시간 잔업이면 그건 블랙이지.
Pronunciación
/bɯ.ɾak.kɯ/
Guía de uso
Contexto: workplace, social media, casual conversation
Tono: critical, indignant
✓ Correcto
- あそこはブラック企業だから入らない方がいいよ。 (That place is a toxic company, you shouldn't work there.)那里是黑心企业,最好别去。(那家是黑心公司,你不应该去那里工作。)Ese sitio es una empresa tóxica, mejor no entres a trabajar ahí. (That place is a toxic company, you shouldn't work there.)거기는 블랙 기업이니까 들어가지 않는 게 좋아. (거긴 독성 기업이라 일하면 안 돼.)
- ブラックな働き方、もう限界。 (I can't take this exploitative way of working anymore.)这种被剥削的工作方式,我已经到极限了。(这种剥削式的工作方式,我再也受不了了。)Ya no aguanto más esta forma de trabajar explotadora. (I can't take this exploitative way of working anymore.)블랙한 근무 방식, 이제 한계야. (이런 착취적인 일하는 방식, 더 이상 못 견디겠어.)
✗ Incorrecto
- 面接で「御社はブラックですか?」と聞くのは避ける (Avoid asking 'Is your company a black company?' in a job interview)在面试中问「贵公司是黑心企业吗?」应该避免(在求职面试中问这种话要避免)Evita preguntar '¿Es su empresa una empresa negra?' en una entrevista de trabajo (Avoid asking 'Is your company a black company?' in a job interview)면접에서 '귀사는 블랙입니까?'라고 묻는 것은 피해야 한다 (면접에서 '블랙 기업인가요?'라고 직접 묻는 것은 삼가야 함)
Errores comunes
- Using ブラック without 企業 can be ambiguous — make context clear so it doesn't just sound like you're saying the colour
- Not knowing the antonym ホワイト企業 (white company = good workplace)
Origen e historia
From English 'black' used metaphorically for dark/bad. ブラック企業 (black company) became a buzzword around 2008-2009 and won the buzzword award in 2013, reflecting growing awareness of exploitative labour practices in Japan.
Contexto cultural
Era: 2008-2009 emergence, 2013 buzzword of the year
Generation: All working adults
Social background: Universal
Regional notes: Used nationwide. ブラック企業 is now a widely recognised social issue discussed in media and politics.
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