must vs have to
Grammar Pattern
BritishAmericanAustralian
★★★★★ Very Common
Neutral
Significado: Two ways to express obligation with different nuances
两种表达义务的方式及其不同的细微差别
Dos formas de expresar obligación con diferentes matices
異なるニュアンスを持つ義務を表す2つの方法
뉘앙스가 다른 의무 표현 두 가지
'Must' expresses internal obligation (speaker's opinion) or authority. 'Have to' expresses external obligation (rules, circumstances). In negatives, 'mustn't' = prohibited, 'don't have to' = not necessary (very different!).
'Must'表达内在义务(说话者的观点)或权威。'Have to'表达外在义务(规则、情况)。否定形式中,'mustn't'=禁止,'don't have to'=不必要(非常不同!)。
'Must' expresa obligación interna (opinión del hablante) o autoridad. 'Have to' expresa obligación externa (reglas, circunstancias). En negativos, 'mustn't' = prohibido, 'don't have to' = no necesario (¡muy diferente!).
「Must」は内部的な義務(話者の意見)または権威を表します。「Have to」は外部的な義務(規則、状況)を表します。否定形では、「mustn't」=禁止、「don't have to」=必要ない(全く違います!)。
'Must'는 내적 의무(화자의 의견)나 권위를 나타냅니다. 'Have to'는 외적 의무(규칙, 상황)를 나타냅니다. 부정문에서 'mustn't' = 금지, 'don't have to' = 불필요(매우 다릅니다!).
Ejemplos
- I must study harder.' (I believe this) 我必须更加努力学习。'(我认为如此)Debo estudiar más.' (lo creo)もっと勉強しなければ。'(自分でそう思う)더 열심히 공부해야겠어요. (스스로 그렇게 생각함)
- I have to wear a uniform.' (it's the rule) 我必须穿制服。'(这是规定)Tengo que usar uniforme.' (es la regla)制服を着なければなりません。'(規則です)교복을 입어야 합니다. (규칙입니다)
- You mustn't smoke here.' (prohibited) 你不能在这里吸烟。'(禁止)No debes fumar aquí.' (prohibido)ここでタバコを吸ってはいけません。'(禁止)여기서 담배를 피우면 안 됩니다. (금지)
- You don't have to pay.' (not necessary) 你不必付款。'(不必要)No tienes que pagar.' (no es necesario)払う必要はありません。'(必要ない)돈을 낼 필요 없습니다. (불필요)
Pronunciación
Guía de uso
Contexto: spoken, written, everyday
Tono: obligatory
✓ Correcto
- I must remember to call her. (internal)我必须记得给她打电话。(内在)Debo acordarme de llamarla. (interno)彼女に電話することを忘れてはいけない。(内部的)그녀에게 전화하는 것을 잊으면 안 돼.(내적 의무)
- I have to finish this report by Friday. (deadline)我必须在周五之前完成这份报告。(截止日期)Tengo que terminar este informe para el viernes. (fecha límite)金曜日までにこのレポートを終わらせなければ。(締め切り)금요일까지 이 보고서를 끝내야 해.(마감 기한)
- You mustn't tell anyone. (prohibition)你不能告诉任何人。(禁止)No debes decírselo a nadie. (prohibición)誰にも言ってはいけません。(禁止)아무에게도 말하면 안 돼.(금지)
- You don't have to stay. (optional)你不必留下。(可选)No tienes que quedarte. (opcional)残る必要はありません。(任意)남을 필요 없어요.(선택 사항)
- I must go.我必须走了。Debo irme.行かなければなりません。가야 해요.
- You mustn't smoke here.这里禁止吸烟。No debes fumar aquí.ここでタバコを吸ってはいけません。여기서 담배를 피우면 안 돼요.
✗ Incorrecto
- I must to go. (no 'to' after must)I must to go.(must后面不加'to')I must to go. (no se pone 'to' después de must)I must to go.(mustの後に'to'は不要)I must to go.(must 뒤에 'to' 불필요)
- You don't have to smoke here. (if you mean prohibited, use 'mustn't')You don't have to smoke here.(如果想说禁止,用'mustn't')You don't have to smoke here. (si quieres decir que está prohibido, usar 'mustn't')You don't have to smoke here.(禁止を意味するなら'mustn't'を使う)You don't have to smoke here.(금지를 뜻한다면 'mustn't'를 사용)
Origen e historia
Obligation modal distinction
Contexto cultural
Era: Modern
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
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should / ought to
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could (suggestions)
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Making polite suggestions and possibilities
be supposed to
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Expected or scheduled to do something
could (Past Ability)
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Describing abilities in the past
may / might
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Expressing possibility or uncertainty
need to / needn't
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Expressing necessity or lack of necessity
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"must vs have to" Practica en WordLoci
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